带你重新认识“流氓”乐器 ——唢呐

八卦谈佚名 ▪ 2022-12-11 22:17:53

“唢呐一吹，不是大喜，就是大悲”

一年前，一首《囍》凭借一段唢呐独奏，一时间红遍全网。一首看似喜庆的歌，却因为唢呐的独特魅力，散发出浓厚的悲怆色彩，这也让这首歌更加值得推敲。

今天我们就来看看，乐器界的“流氓”——唢呐

The "rogue" instrument - the suona horn

唢呐是历史悠久、流行广泛、技巧丰富、表现力较强的中国民间吹管乐器。

The suona is an expressive folk wind instrument with a long history and rich technique, enjoying widespread popularity in China.

早在公元3世纪，唢呐随丝绸之路的开辟，从东欧一带传入我国。唢呐就是古代波斯语Surnā的音译。新疆拜城克孜尔石窟第38窟中的伎乐壁画已有吹奏唢呐形象。

As early as the 3rd century AD, the suona was introduced to China from Eastern Europe after the opening of the Silk Road. And the Chinese name of the suona horn was the transliteration of the ancient Persian word Surnā, which has been presented in the frescoes of the Kizil Grottoes in Cave 38, Baicheng, Xinjiang.

“喇叭，唢呐，曲儿小，腔儿大。官船来往乱如麻，全仗你抬身价。军听了军愁，民听了民怕，哪里去辨什么真共假？眼见得吹翻了这家，吹伤了那家，只吹得水尽鹅飞罢。”

明清时期，唢呐广泛流传于民间，多用于婚丧喜事的吹打乐队中，也用作民间歌舞和戏曲的伴奏乐器。明代王磐的一首《朝天子·咏喇叭》则更是凸显了明朝时唢呐的发展与成熟。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the suona was widely used in folk music for weddings and funerals as well as a musical accompaniment to folk songs, dances and operas. The development and maturity of the suona during the Ming dynasty was represented by a poem by Wang Pan, entitled Chaotianzi – Ode to the Trumpet.

经过几千年的发展，唢呐凭借其独特的气质与音色，成为我国具有代表性的民族管乐器。2006年5月20日，唢呐艺术经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

After thousands of years of development, the suona has become a representative national wind instrument with its unique temperament and sound, and on 20 May 2006, the art of suona was included in the first batch of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the State Council.

特点

唢呐声音开朗豪放，高亢雄壮，刚中有柔，柔中有刚，并且着极强的穿透力广，被泛应用于民间的婚、丧、嫁、娶、礼、乐、典、祭及秧歌会等仪式伴奏。

The suona has a bright, bold, high, majestic but extremely penetrating sound, with the softness in its rigidity and vice versa. It is widely used in weddings, funerals, rituals, fetes and yangko ceremonies.

影视里的唢呐

2016年，电影《百鸟朝凤》上映。电影中，在唢呐传承艰难的局面下，德高望重的唢呐老艺人焦三爷带领着徒弟们凭着执着的热情与坚定的信仰追求，传承着唢呐精神，感动了无数观众。

In 2016, the film Song of the Phoenix was first released in theatres. In the film, the respected old suona artist Jiao leads his disciples to pursue and pass on the spirit of suona with persistent passion and firm faith on the occasion of the lack of suona inheritors, which has impressed a lot of audience.

2017年上映的电影《闪光少女》中，钢琴弹奏者、大提琴手、小提琴手等组成的西洋乐团奏起《野蜂飞舞》，节奏欢快、技艺高超。民乐附和其中，难分胜负，直到民乐阵营唢呐登场，形势逆转，硬是将《野蜂飞舞》无缝变调至《百鸟朝凤》，人们被乐曲中表现的生命力深深震撼。

In the film Our Shining Days released in 2017, a Western orchestra comprising piano players, cellists and violinists played The Flight Of The Bumble-Bee with a joyful and artistic rhythm. The Chinese folk orchestra chimed in with the Western music, and it was hard to tell who was the winner until the suona came on the stage and turned the tide, seamlessly transforming The Flight Of The Bumble-Bee into Song of the Phoenix, leaving the audience deeply impressed by the vitality of the piece.

国际上的唢呐

2017年，唢呐博士刘雯雯作为唯一一个登上悉尼歌剧院独奏的表演家，一曲唢呐吹得荡气回肠，惊艳四座。

In 2017, Dr. Liu Wenwen, majoring in suona, was the only performer to appear as a soloist at the Sydney Opera House, playing the suona, moving and amazing the audience.

2019年，中俄建交70周年第八届圣彼得堡国际文化论坛的开幕音乐会上，刘雯雯作为特邀演奏家，一曲唢呐技惊四座，收获到了如雷鸣般的掌声。

In 2019, at the opening concert of the 8th St. Petersburg International Cultural Forum on the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia, Liu Wenwen, as a special guest performer, was amazed by the performance of a suona and received thunderous applause.

结语

唢呐作为一项民族传统乐器，也曾面临着消亡困境。然而今天，越来越多人发掘了唢呐的独特魅力，也给予了唢呐新的诠释，让唢呐重新走向世界。

As a traditional folk instrument, the suona is at the risk of extinction. Fortunately, more and more people today are discovering its unique charms and endowing it with new interpretations, bringing it back to the world.